Everything about Gnaeus Pompeius totally explained
Gnaeus Pompeius (ca. 75 -
April 12, 45 BC), also known as
Pompey the Younger (sometimes spelled Cneius, Gneius), was a
Roman politician and general from the late
Republic (1st century BC).
Gnaeus Pompeius was the elder son of
Pompey the Great (Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus) by his third wife,
Mucia Tertia. Both he and his younger brother
Sextus Pompeius grew up in the shadow of their father, one of Rome's best generals and not originally a conservative politician who drifted to the more traditional faction when
Julius Caesar became a threat. When Caesar crossed the
Rubicon in 49 BC, thus starting a civil war, Gnaeus followed his father in their escape to the East, as did most of the conservative
senators. Pompey's army lost the
Battle of Pharsalus in 48 BC, and Pompey himself had to run for his life, only to be murdered in Egypt on
September 29 of the same year.
After the murder, Gnaeus and his brother Sextus joined the resistance against Caesar in the
Africa Province. Together with
Metellus Scipio,
Cato the Younger and other senators, they prepared to oppose Caesar and his army to the end. Caesar defeated Metellus Scipio and Cato, who subsequently committed suicide, at the
Battle of Thapsus in 46 BC. Gnaeus escaped once again, this time to the
Balearic Islands, where he joined Sextus. Together with
Titus Labienus, former general in Caesar's army, the Pompey brothers crossed over to the
Hispania (the
Iberian Peninsula, comprising modern
Spain and
Portugal), where they raised yet another army.
Caesar soon followed and, on
March 17, 45 BC, the armies met in the
battle of Munda. Both armies were large and led by able generals. The battle was closely fought, but eventually a cavalry charge by Caesar turned events to his side. In the battle and the panicked escape that followed, Titus Labienus and an estimated 30,000 men of the Pompeian side died. Gnaeus and Sextus managed to escape once again. However, this time, supporters were difficult to find because it was by now clear Caesar had won the civil war. Within a few weeks, Gnaeus Pompeius was caught and executed for treason. Sextus Pompeius was able to keep one step ahead of his enemies, and survived his brother for a number of years. He married a woman called Claudia Pulchra, who survived him; they'd no children.
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